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''A Study of History'' is a 12-volume universal history book by British historian Arnold J. Toynbee, published in 1934-1961, in which he attempts to trace the development and decay of 19 world civilizations in the historical record, applying his model to each of these civilizations, detailing the stages through which they all pass: genesis, growth, time of troubles, universal state, and disintegration. The 19 major civilizations, as Toynbee sees them, are: Egyptian, Andean, Sinic, Minoan, Sumerian, Mayan, Indic, Hittite, Hellenic, Western, Orthodox Christian (Russia), Far Eastern, Orthodox Christian (main body), Persian, Arabic, Hindu, Mexican, Yucatec, and Babylonic. There are four 'abortive civilizations' (Abortive Far Western Christian, Abortive Far Eastern Christian, Abortive Scandinavian, Abortive Syriac) and five 'arrested civilizations' (Polynesian, Eskimo, Nomadic, Ottoman, Spartan), for a total of 28. ==Titles of the volumes== The 12-volume work contains more than 3 million words and about 7,000 pages, plus 412 pages of indices. *Publication of ''A Study of History''〔The Table of Contents for all the volumes is presented at this website (''A Study of History'' ) some volumes being given in greater detail than others. Selected portions of the text are also provided, as keyed to the Table of Contents.〕 * *Vol I: Introduction; The Geneses of Civilizations, part one (Oxford University Press 1934) * *Vol II: The Geneses of Civilizations, part two (Oxford University Press 1934) * *Vol III: The Growths of Civilizations (Oxford University Press 1934) * * Vol IV: The Breakdowns of Civilizations (Oxford University Press 1939) * * Vol V: The Disintegrations of Civilizations, part one (Oxford University Press 1939) * *Vol VI: The Disintegrations of Civilizations, part two (Oxford University Press 1939) * *Vol VII: Universal States; Universal Churches (Oxford University Press 1954) (two volumes in paperback ) * *Vol VIII: Heroic Ages; Contacts between Civilizations in Space (Encounters between Contemporaries) (Oxford University Press 1954) * *Vol IX: Contacts between Civilizations in Time (Renaissances); Law and Freedom in History; The Prospects of the Western Civilization (Oxford University Press 1954) * *Vol X: The Inspirations of Historians; A Note on Chronology (Oxford University Press 1954) * *Vol XI: Historical Atlas and Gazetteer (Oxford University Press 1959) * *Vol XII: Reconsiderations (Oxford University Press 1961) *Abridgements by D. C. Somervell: * *''A Study of History: Abridgement of Vols I-VI'', with a preface by Toynbee (Oxford University Press 1946)〔This first abridgement by Somervell has been translated into Arabic, Danish, Dutch, Finish, French, German, Gujarati, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Portuguese, Serbo-Croat, Spanish, Swedish, and Urdu. William H. McNeill, ''Arnold J. Toynbee. A life'' (Oxford University 1989), text at 285, note 5 ().〕 * *''A Study of History: Abridgement of Vols VII-X'' (Oxford University Press 1957) * *''A Study of History: Abridgement of Vols I-X in one volume'', with new preface by Toynbee & new tables (Oxford Univ. Press 1960) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「A Study of History」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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